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CDP Carbon Majors Report 2017

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@article{griffin2017carbon,
  title={The carbon majors database},
  author={Griffin, Paul and Heede, CR},
  journal={CDP carbon majors report 2017},
  volume={14},
  year={2017}
}

My Summary

The majority of anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions (roughly 70%) come from the burning of fossil fuels. This report looks at the supply-side of those emissions by tabulating the amount of fossil fuels produced by a number of large firms/organizations.

For each firm in their sample, they add up the firm’s direct operational emissions1 and the emissions caused by the downstream combustion of fuels they sell. For the latter, they estimate these numbers simply by taking the unit sales of each firm and multiplying it by coefficients representing the emissions per unit (eg tonnes of CO2 per barrel of oil).

The end result is a table ranking fossil-fuel extractors by the amount of emissions caused, directly or indirectly, by their extraction activities. (This is almost the same as ranking firms by the amount of fossil fuels extracted, just with a few sensible adjustments and weights.)

Top 20 firms by Cumulative Emissions 1988-2015

Units below, except for the last column, are in millions of tons of CO2 equivalent.

Producer direct downstream combined percent of global industrial GHG emissions
China (Coal) 9,622 119,312 128,933 14.3
Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco) 4,263 36,298 40,561 4.5
Gazprom OAO 4,652 30,569 35,221 3.9
National Iranian Oil Co 2,468 18,037 20,505 2.3
ExxonMobil Corp 1,833 15,952 17,785 2.0
Coal India 892 15,950 16,842 1.9
Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) 2,055 14,749 16,804 1.9
Russia (Coal) 1,216 15,524 16,740 1.9
Royal Dutch Shell PLC 1,212 13,805 15,017 1.7
China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) 1,479 12,564 14,042 1.6
BP PLC 1,072 12,719 13,791 1.5
Chevron Corp 1,215 10,608 11,823 1.3
Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) 1,108 9,971 11,079 1.2
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co 1,135 9,635 10,769 1.2
Poland Coal 884 9,596 10,480 1.2
Peabody Energy Corp 266 10,098 10,364 1.2
Sonatrach SPA 1,490 7,507 8,997 1.0
Kuwait Petroleum Corp 767 8,194 8,961 1.0
Total SA 778 7,762 8,541 0.9
BHP Billiton Ltd 588 7,595 8,183 0.9

Top 20 firms by 2015 Emissions

Units below, except for the last column, are in millions of tons of CO2 equivalent.

Producer direct downstream combined percent of global industrial GHG emissions
Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco) 15 ,735 ,951 .6
Gazprom OAO 08 ,030 ,138 .7
National Iranian Oil Co 66 70 ,036 .4
Coal India 4 71 ,025 .4
Shenhua Group Corp Ltd 9 22 ,001 .4
Rosneft OAO 3 94 77 .8
China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) 1 44 25 .5
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co 1 23 84 .4
ExxonMobil Corp 4 23 77 .4
Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) 3 77 30 .3
Royal Dutch Shell PLC 8 60 08 .2
Sonatrach SPA 9 04 92 .2
Kuwait Petroleum Corp 3 35 78 .1
BP PLC 8 20 48 .1
Qatar Petroleum Corp 3 41 14 .0
Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) 2 56 98 .9
Peabody Energy Corp 0 87 97 .9
Iraq National Oil Co 1 60 91 .9
Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras) 9 55 84 .9
Chevron Corp 6 41 77 .9

My Complaint about Internet Discourse

This report is an interesting and worthwhile document, but it’s also the source of one of the most annoyingly idiotic arguments on the internet.

The internet discourse typically goes like this: Someone mentions the need to cut back on carbon emissions, and maybe brings up the fact that individual consumers can contribute by traveling less and reducing meat consumption. Then someone chimes in saying “Well, actually, just 100 companies are responsible for 70 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.” They imply or outright state that there’s no need to change our lifestyles to mitigate climate change; that we just need to force the evil capitalists to stop polluting for fun.

This kind of argument is especially frustrating because people link this report to back up their assertions, despite never even having read the thing. And I know none of them have read it, because even if they missed the part which says that 90% of the tabulated emissions come from downstream energy consumption, the fact that the number one company on the list is “China” should have clued them in to the fact they’re misinterpreting the headline.

This is a silly emotional response on my part, but it makes me anxious about humanity’s collective ability to seek truth. A few years ago, it felt to me like climate-change denial was culturally waning. And then a brand new species of denialism appeared to fill the ecological niche left empty.2


  1. Direct Operational Emissions, aka Scope 1 Emissions, are emissions from sources directly controlled by the firm. For this report, that includes the emissions from the firm’s energy consumption (it takes energy to run the extraction machinery) and fugitive emissions.3 

  2. At least in my filtered part of the social network. I’d wager the classic “Republican” strain is still more common in absolute terms. 

  3. Fugitive Emissions result from the leakage of fossil fuels during extraction and transportation, and from the intentional flaring of gases. Oftentimes, pockets of methane come out of a coal mine or oil well. It wouldn’t make sense to set up infrastructure leading to every single oil well to capture and transport the methane. So the most environmentally sensible thing to do is to burn it (pound for pound, CO2 is less bad than methane). According to this page on emissions from our World in Data, Fugitive emissions account for roughly six percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.